Buku pintar tenses ini di rancang khusus untuk anda yang ingin belajar dan memahami tata bahasa inggris secara mandiri tanpa guru. materi disusun secara lugas, sistematis, dan praktis. Buku layak dijadikan referensi bagi pelajar, mahasiswa,akademis, dan masyarakat umum yang ingin mahir berbahasa inggris secara mudah dan cepat.

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what is grammar?

Menurut Wikipedia, definisi grammar adalah kumpulan kaidah tentang struktur gramatikal bahasa. Kumpulan kaidah ini lazim dikenal sebagai tata bahasa.

Dalam bahasa Inggris, grammar terdiri dari 8 bagian (lazim disebut part of speech). Mari kita ulas satu-satu.

1. Pronoun (kata ganti)

Kata ganti adalah kata yang digunakan untuk mengganti kata benda berupa orang atau benda. Contoh kata ganti adalah I, me, mine, dan myself.

2. Noun (kata benda)

Kata benda adalah kata yang digunakan untuk menamai orang, benda, tempat, hewan, atau konsep abstrak. Contohnya adalah student, Jakarta, table, cat, dan hapiness.

3. Verb (kata kerja)

Kata kerja adalah kata untuk menunjukkan tindakan yang dilakukan subjek, peristiwa, atau keadaan. Contohnya adalah go, went, dan gone.

4. Adjective (kata sifat)

Kata sifat adalah kata yang berfungsi menerangkan kata benda atau kata ganti. Contoh kata sifat adalah easy, excited, dan satisfying.

Ingin tahu lebih banyak tentang kata sifat? Silakan baca artikel-artikel berikut:

·         6 Jenis Kata Sifat dalam Bahasa Inggris

·         Cara Menampatkan Kata Sifat dalam Kalimat

·         Perbandingan Kata Sifat

·         296 Contoh Kata Sifat dalam Bahasa Inggris dan Artinya

5. Adverb (kata keterangan)

Kata keterangan adalah kata untuk mendeskripsikan kata kerja, kata sifat, atau kata keterangan lain. Contohnya adalah carefully, fast, dan very.

Beberapa artikel yang membahas kata sifat adalah:

·         Cara Membentuk Adverb dari Adjective

·         8 Jenis Kata Keterangan (Adverb) Beserta Contoh Kalimatnya

·         Cara Menempatkan Kata Keterangan

·         328 Contoh Kata Keterangan dalam Bahasa Inggris dan Artinya

6. Determiner

Determiner adalah kata atau kelompok kata yang ditempatkan di depan kata benda untuk membatasi makna kata benda tersebut. Contoh determiner adalah the, a, an, some, any, dan sebagainya.

Artikel yang membahas tentang determiner antara lain:

·         12 Kaidah untuk Menggunakan Kata Sandang “The”

·         Perbedaan Some dan Any

7. Preposistion (kata depan)

Kata depan atau preposisi adalah kata atau kelompok kata yang umumnya diletakkan di depan kata benda atau kata ganti untuk menunjukkan hubungan letak, arah, atau waktu dengan kata benda tersebut. Contoh kata depan adalah at, in, dan on.

Silakan baca:

·         Kata Depan At, In, dan On Sebagai Penunjuk Tempat

·         At, On, dan In yang Berfungsi Sebagai Keterangan Waktu

8. Conjunction (kata hubung)

Kata hubung/penghubung adalah kata yang menghubungkan kata, klausa, kaimat, atau paragraf. Contohnya adalah and, because, dan or. Silakan baca kata hubung koordinatif dan kata hubung subordinatif.

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tenses

future tenses

The Learning English Grammar Tenses

Went, Going, Gone!

There are only three basic tenses in the English language: the past, the present, and the future.

• The past tense is used for anything that happened before this moment in time.

• The present tense is used for anything that happens right now or for general statements.

• The future tense is used for anything that will happen at some point later than right now.

(There is also a perfect tense, but this article will stick to the three basic tenses described above.)

Of course if it were that simple, you wouldn’t be reading this guide!

These tenses have a few variations that make them more specific.

These variations talk about the exact time during which actions happen.

All three tenses have two main types of variations: simple and continuous.

• The continuous tenses are used for actions that happen repeatedly over a period of time.

• The simple tenses are used for…everything else!

You’ll discover exactly when to use either in the guide below.

Since the past and the present tenses are very closely linked, it’s better to look at them together.

The future tense will be discussed later in this article. (Actually, that last sentence used the future tense! Did you notice?)

Here is a basic guide that will help you begin to understand when to use which tense.

Future

The future is anything that hasn’t happened yet. It can be a few seconds from now or a few years from now.

·         Simple Future

Will+verb
Am/is/are + going to + verb

I will watch the news / I am going to watch the news.

Speaking about the future is pretty simple: just add the words “will” or “is going to” before an unchanged verb.

How do you know when to use “will” and when to use “is going to”?

Don’t worry about it too much—you can usually use either one! You can say “I will call you later,” or “I am going to call you later.” They are both correct.

The slight difference is in the meaning: “going to” is used more often for things that are planned. So in the above example, the first sentence is more offhand (without giving it too much thought), but the second sentence sounds like you will make sure to call later.

The difference is subtle (not too big) and you can get away with using either one. Just remember that “will” is used more often for promises and things you do by choice, and “going to” is used for making plans.

Both can be used for predictions too, or things you think will happen. You can say “the world will end in ten years,” and you can also say “the world is going to end in ten years.” Either way is correct—but hopefully the prediction is wrong!

·         Future Continuous

This last way to talk about the future has the same uses as the past continuous.

Will be + present participle
Am/is/are + going to be + present participle:

I will be watching the news at 9pm. / I am going to be watching the news at 9pm.

You use this tense to talk about things that might be interrupted in the future, or to say what will be happening at a specific time in the future.

Just add the -ing form of a verb after the words “will be” or “am going to be.”

If you know your friend is coming to visit you tomorrow, for example, you could tell her to come before 7 because “we will be eating dinner at 7.” You can also tell her: “I will be waiting for you at the train station.”

continuous tenses

Continuous Tenses

The word continuous means something that’s ongoing, happening right now.

The continuous tense uses the -ing ending of a verb (eating, speaking) in both the present and the past.

But wait, if the continuous tense is happening “right now,” how can you have a past continuous tense? Read on to find out!

·         Present Continuous

You can use the present continuous to talk about something ongoing that’s happening now or soon.

am/is/are + present participle:

I am watching the news.

Right now, you are reading this article. Maybe you’re drinking some coffee or taking a break from work. Later today you might be meeting some friends for dinner.

By adding the words “always” or “constantly” you can express the frequency of the action. For example: “My mother-in-law is always complaining,” or “that child is constantly crying.” These are not good things, but they do use the right tense!

·         Past Continuous

Was/were + present participle:

I was watching the news.

This tense is used to describe a continuous action that got interrupted. If you got a phone call late at night, you could say “I was sleeping last night when I got the call.”

You can also use this tense to say what you were doing at a specific time in the past. For example: “I was already writing at 6 in the morning,” or “yesterday in the evening I was eating dinner.”